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- <div class="glossary">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h2 class="title"><a id="glossary"></a>Glossary</h2>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div></div>
- </div>
- <a id="id2985156" class="indexterm"></a>
- <div class="glossdiv">
- <h3 class="title">A</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt>
- <a id="glossary-feathering-fr"></a>
- </dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt><a id="glossary-alpha"></a>Alpha</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Refers to transparency. An Alpha Channel allows transparency
- control. Certain image formats may only contain a single Alpha
- Channel allowing a transparency of on or off. Other formats allow a
- variable level of transparency.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt><a id="glossary-antialiasing"></a>Antialiasing</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Antialiasing is the process of reversing an alias. Antialiasing
- produces smoother curves by adjusting the boundary betweenthe
- background and the pixel region that is being antialiased.
- Generally, pixel intensities or opacities are changed so a
- smoother merge with the background is achieved. Withselections,
- the selection edge is affected so that the selection edge
- opacity
- is lowered.
- </p>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/alias.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/antialias.png" /></span>
- </p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="glossdiv">
- <h3 class="title">B</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt>
- <a id="glossary-imagehose-fr"></a>
- </dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt><a id="glossary-bitmap"></a>Bitmap</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- " From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (13 Mar 01) :
- bitmap A data file or structure which corresponds bit for bit
- with an image displayed on a screen, probably in the sameformat
- as it would be stored in the display's video memory or maybe as
- a
- device independent bitmap. A bitmap is characterised by the
- width
- and height of the image in pixels and the number of bits per
- pixel which determines the number of shades of grey or colours
- it
- can represent. A bitmap representing a coloured image (a
- "pixmap") will usually have pixels with between one and eight
- bits for each of the red, green, and blue components, though
- other colour encodings are also used. The green component
- sometimes has more bits that the other two to cater for the
- human
- eye's greater discrimination in this component. "
- </p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="glossdiv">
- <h3 class="title">C</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt>
- <a id="glossary-channels-fr"></a>
- </dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt><a id="glossary-channels"></a>Channels</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Each image is divided up into separate channels and then
- recombined before being sent to the output device. An output
- device is most usually a screen. The channels that are usedwhen
- rendering images to a screen are Red, Green, and Blue. Other
- output devices may use different channels.
- </p>
- <p>
- Channels can be useful when working on images that need
- adjustment to one particular color. If, for example, theremoval
- of "red-eye" is the goal, work on the Red channel is most
- obviously a ready solution. Channels can be seen as masks that
- allow or restrict the output of the color that the channel
- represents. By running filters against this channel
- information,
- many varied and subtle effects can be put in to play by the
- experienced GIMP user.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt><a id="glossary-clipboard"></a>Clipboard</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Clipboard is the term used to describe a temporary area of
- memory that is used to transfer data between applications or
- documents. The GIMP uses slightly different clipboard
- approaches when used under differnt operating systems. Under
- Linux/XFree, the XFree clipboard is used for text and The
- GIMP internal image clipboard is used for images that are
- being transferred between image documents. When The GIMP is
- used with other operating systems, differences may be
- apparent. Any differences should be outlined in the operating
- system specific documentation for the individual GIMP
- package.
- </p>
- <p>
- The most fundamental operations provided by a clipboard
- interface allow for Cut, Copy, and Paste. Cut is used to
- denote the removal of an item that is sent to the clipboard.
- Copy leaves the item in the document and copies it to the
- clipboard. Paste copies to the document whatever happens to
- be in the clipboard. The GIMP will make an intelligent
- decision about what to paste depending upon the target. If
- the target is a canvas, then paste operation will use the
- image clipboard. If the target is a text entry box, then the
- paste operation will use the text clipboard.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt><a id="glossary-colormodel"></a>Color model</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- RGB : Red Green Blue
- </p>
- <div class="mediaobject">
- <img src="../images/glossary/color-model-additive.png" />
- </div>
- <p>
- CMYKB : Cyan Magenta Yellow blacK
- </p>
- <div class="mediaobject">
- <img src="../images/glossary/color-model-subtractive.png" />
- </div>
- <p>
- </p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="glossdiv">
- <h3 class="title">D</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt><a id="glossary-dithering"></a>Dithering</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Dithering refers to the math and voodoo involved in renderingan
- image that has few colors seem like it has many. Dithering is
- accomplished in different ways depending on the output device
- and
- the program. One particularly effective method is clustering
- pixels of color together in an attempt to simulate another
- color.
- This is achieved by the human eye and the tendency for it tomix
- colors while viewing complex color patterns. A common dithering
- effect is seen on television screens or in newspaper print.From
- a distance the images seem to be constructed of many varied
- colors or shades, but upon closer inspection this is certainly
- not the case. A color television uses only three colors
- clustered
- together in various states of on or off. A black and white
- newspaper uses only black ink, yet pictures in newspapersappear
- to be constructed of grey tones. Furthermore, there are
- techniques used to achieve greater success in dithering.
- </p>
- <p>
- The GIMP can use the Floyd-Steinberg dithering technique, for
- example. This dithering method is simply put, a mathematical way
- of clustering the pixels to accomplish better results thanother
- dithering methods. Of course, there are always exceptions and
- there are many different dithering models that are in usetoday.
- </p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="glossdiv">
- <h3 class="title">E</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt>
- <a id="glossary-samplemerge-fr"></a>
- </dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>
- <a id="ebenen"></a>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <img src="../images/dialogs/layers_overview.png" />
- </p>
- <p>
- <img src="../images/dialogs/layers_example.png" />
- </p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="glossdiv">
- <h3 class="title">F</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt>
- <a id="glossary-fileformat-fr"></a>
- </dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt><a id="glossary-fileformat"></a>File Format</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- A way that an image is written. You should select a file format
- which is suitable for your situation. JPEG and PostScript are
- examples of file formats.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt><a id="glossary-feathering"></a>Feathering</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Feathering is a process by which the edges of a region are softly
- blended with the background.
- </p>
- <p>
- </p>
- <div class="mediaobject">
- <img src="../images/glossary/feather.png" />
- </div>
- <p>
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt><a id="glossary-floatingselection"></a>FLoating Selection</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Floating selections are similar in function to layers except
- that floating selections must be anchored before work can resume
- on any other layers in the image. While a selection is floating,
- any number of functions can be used to alter the image data
- contained within the float.
- </p>
- <p>
- There are two methods available for anchoring a float. The first,
- and most useful, is to change the float into a new layer. This is
- achieved by creating a new layer while the float is active. The
- second method involves anchoring the float to an already existing
- layer. This is done by clicking anywhere on the image except on
- the float. Doing so will merge the float with the background
- layer.
- </p>
- <p>
- Any pasted selection will be first rendered as a floating
- selection.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt><a id="glossary-floyd-steinberg-dithering"></a>Floyd-Steinberg Dithering</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- This method of dithering looks at the current pixel color and
- retrieving the closest values from the palette. These colorsare
- then distributed to the pixel areas below and to the right of
- the
- original pixel.
- </p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="glossdiv">
- <h3 class="title">G</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt><a id="glossary-gnu"></a>GNU</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- GNU's Not Unix, an organization devoted to the creation and support
- of Open Source software. GIMP is an official GNU application.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt><a id="glossary-guides"></a>Guides</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Guides are a convenient way to help you align layers and tool
- functions on your drawable image, layer, or selection. Guides are
- created manually by clicking and dragging from either the topor
- left rulers in to the image area. They appear as blue dashed
- lines. They do not print. There are some useful options available
- to the user to help use guides efficiently, such as Snapto
- Guides, Toggle Guides, and Center Guide.
- </p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="glossdiv">
- <h3 class="title">H</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt><a id="glossary-hextriplet"></a>Hextriplet</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- A way of representing color in the form #rrggbb
- where "rr"
- represents red, "gg" green, and "bb" blue. Commonly
- used in web
- design.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt><a id="glossary-hsv"></a>HSV</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Hue Saturation Value, a way of representing color. The Hue
- is the color like red or blue, the Saturation is how strong
- the color is and the Value is the brightness. This is
- sometimes called HSB or Hue Saturation Brightness.
- </p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="glossdiv">
- <h3 class="title">I</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt><a id="glossary-imagehose"></a>Image Hose</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Image Hoses are special brushes that contain many different
- frames. An exmaple of this might be a footstep brush that
- contains two images. One of a left footprint and one of a right
- footprint. During the application of this hypothetical hose
- brush, one would see the left footprint followed by that of the
- right in a continuous fashion. This method of animation for
- brushes is very powerful.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt><a id="glossary-incremental"></a>Incremental, paint mode</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- This paint mode renders each brush stroke directly onto the
- active layer. If incremental mode is not set, there is a
- canvas buffer that is composited with the active layer.
- </p>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/tool-opt-increment.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/tool-opt-nonincrement.png" /></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- The two images above were created using a brush with spacing
- set to sixty. The image on the left shows non-incremental
- painting and the image on the right shows the difference that
- incremental painting can produce. Incremental paint mode
- results in each brush application, through the duration of a
- stroke, being rendered in addition to any previous brush
- renderings.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <a id="glossary-incremental-fr"></a>
- </dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt><a id="glossary-interpolation"></a>Interpolation</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Interpolation is the means by which the pixels of an image are
- rendered to represent changes in an image size or angle.
- Interpolation methods in <span class="application">The GIMP</span> are
- labelled with a speed marker. Faster methods lead to
- lowerquality
- transformations whereas slower methods lead to higher quality
- transformations.
- </p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="glossdiv">
- <h3 class="title">L</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt>
- <a id="glossary-lissage"></a>
- </dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt><a id="layer"></a>Layer</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- You can think of layers as a stack of slides or clothes on your
- body. Each part of clothes you're wearing is a layer in the <a href="ch04s02.html" title="2. Layers dialog">layers dialog</a>. Layers are
- stacked on top of each other. The bottom layer is the
- background of
- the image and the components in the foreground of the imagecome
- above it.
- </p>
- <p>
- Representation of an image with layers:
- </p>
- <p>
- <img src="../images/dialogs/layers_overview.png" />
- </p>
- <p>
- The final image:
- </p>
- <p>
- <img src="../images/dialogs/layers_example.png" />
-
- </p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="glossdiv">
- <h3 class="title">M</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt><a id="glossary-marching-ants"></a>Marching Ants</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- The name for the dotted line which delineates a selection.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <a id="glossary-colormodel-fr"></a>
- </dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt><a id="glossary-modes"></a>Layer Modes</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- There are twenty-one available layer modes. Selecting
- a layer mode
- changes the way that layer or paint application is
- viewed based
- on the layer or layers beneath it.
- </p>
- <div class="variablelist">
- <dl>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Normal</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal.png" /></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- This is the default layer mode. The layer
- will be viewed normally.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Dissolve</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- The Dissolve layer mode dissolves the
- layer into the layer beneath it. It does so by
- dispersing pixels. This can best be seen ina
- close-up screenshot.
- </p>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-dissolve.png" /></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- The image on the left illustrates a normal layer mode
- and the image on the right shows the same two layers in
- dissolve mode.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Multiply</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-multiply.png" /></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- This mode multiplies the pixel values of the layer with
- those that are visible beneath it.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Divide</span>
- </dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Screen</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-screen.png" /></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- The values of the visible pixels in the two layers are
- inverted, multiplied, and the product inverted again.
- The result is usually a brighter picture.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Overlay</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-overlay.png" /></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span class="guilabel">Overlay</span> is a combination of
- <span class="guilabel">Multiplication</span> and
- <span class="guilabel">Screen</span> modes.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Dodge</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-dodge.png" /></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- The values of the two layers are inverted, divided, and
- the result inverted again. This lightens the upper
- layer.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Burn</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-burn.png" /></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span class="guilabel">Burn</span> mode inverts the layers,
- multiplies, and inverts again. This darkens the upper
- layer.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Hard Light</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-hardlight.png" /></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- This mode is a combination of <span class="guilabel">Screen</span>
- and <span class="guilabel">Multiplication</span> modes.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Soft Light</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-softlight.png" /></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- This mode gives a "soft" effect to the otherwise sharp
- edges of the image, and lightens the colors.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Grain Extract</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-grainextract.png" /></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- Extracts the "film grain" from a layer into a new
- layer that is pure grain.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Grain Merge</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-grainmerge.png" /></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- Merge a grain layer (possibly created from the
- <span class="guilabel">Grain Extract</span> operation into the
- current layer, leaving a grainy version of the
- original layer.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Difference</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-difference.png" /></span>
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Addition</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-addition.png" /></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- A simple operation, adding the pixel values at each
- location.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Substract</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- A simple operation, subtracting the pixel values at each
- location.
- </p>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-subtract.png" /></span>
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Darken Only</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-darken.png" /></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- Replace the current layer's pixels with the minimum of
- the pixel values of the two layers at each location.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Lighten Only</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-lighten.png" /></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- Replace the current layer's pixels with the maximum of
- the pixel values of the two layers at each location.
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Hue</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-hue.png" /></span>
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Saturation</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-saturation.png" /></span>
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Color</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-color.png" /></span>
- </p>
- </dd>
- <dt>
- <span class="term">Value</span>
- </dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- The image on the left illustrates a normal
- layer
- mode and the image on the right shows thesame
- two layers in value mode.
- </p>
- <p>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-normal2.png" /></span>
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/glossary/modes-value.png" /></span>
- </p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="glossdiv">
- <h3 class="title">P</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt>
- <a id="glossary-pdb"></a>
- </dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>
- <a id="glossary-marching-ants-fr"></a>
- </dt>
- <dd></dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="glossdiv">
- <h3 class="title">S</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt><a id="glossary-samplemerge"></a>Sample Merge</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Sample Merge is a technique useful when working with more than one
- layer where operations that affect one layer may take advantage of
- color or pixel information on all visible layers. Consider
- selection by color as an example of a time that this function may
- be useful.
- </p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="glossdiv">
- <h3 class="title">T</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt>
- <a id="glossary-dithering-fr"></a>
- </dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>
- <a id="glossary-hsv-fr"></a>
- </dt>
- <dd></dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="glossdiv">
- <h3 class="title">U</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt><a id="glossary-url"></a>URL</dt>
- <dd>
- <p>
- Uniform Resource Locator: the "address" format for the World
- Wide Web.
- </p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </div>
- </div>
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